An Evalution of the Attachment Theory Essay - 13038 Words

THE ATTACHMENT THEORY AN EVALUTION OF THE ATTACHMENT THEORY WHEN WORKING WITH CHILDREN IN CARE Gail Walters Dissertation Social Work BA (HONS) Manchester Metropolitan University Tutor: Pauline Black CONTENTS Pages Abstract 3 Acknowledgements 4 Statement of Ownership 5 Chapter1: Introduction 1. An†¦show more content†¦Theory based strategies help carers of Looked after Children to facilitate and rebuild secure attachments when they are supporting and working with children in care, or if they move placements for example, into an adoptive or foster family. These strategies help the carers manage and understand challenging behaviour that is often caused as a consequence of an insecure attachment. Attachment can be defined as a long-lasting bond that is developed by infants towards their parents and is described as ‘a positive emotional link between two people – a link of affection’. (Lindon,1998,35,Cited in Crawford et al, 2005). Attachment disorders can impact on a child’s developmental wellbeing throughout childhood and into adolescence. Evaluating the attachment theory can show different ways these disorders affect the relationship of the child and carer. British psychotherapist, John Bowlby (1907-1990) was recognized as the father of the attachment theory and advanced a multidisciplinary stance, which included psychoanalysis with ethnology and cognitive development. Bowlby (1969) wanted to understand more about the level of distress that occurred in infants when they were separated from their parents and how that experience impacted on their developmental wellbeing. There are strong associations between early insecure attachments and later negative vulnerabilities and problematical

Addicted Beyond Belief Alcoholism - 926 Words

Addicted Beyond Belief Throughout people’s lives, everyone has been educated on the consequences of drinking and also even doing drugs. Everyone has learned that if you drink more than necessary after a long period of time, one could even become a slave to the delicious poison. For instance, people who were abused as children in a physical, sexual, or even emotional way can be influenced to become an alcoholic (Elliot 842). There is also â€Å"a gene linked to alcoholism apparently does not cause the disorder, but may increase the severity of its symptoms, as well as the symptoms of several other psychiatric and neurological conditions† (â€Å"Alcohol Gene† 213). However, if you fall into the bitter ecstasy called alcoholism, there are treatments that will help cure you and support you the whole time. In order to receive the help and get cured, you must want it enough to deal with withdrawal symptoms and adjusting to not drinking anymore. Alcoholism can affect th e lives of those who abuse alcohol on an everyday basis; however, there are treatments to cure the addiction. You may ask yourself what may be the true definition of alcoholism. Well, the definition itself is constantly evolving and changing. There are many definitions for the word alcoholism, but not for the disease itself. The general definition of alcoholism is basically a â€Å"heterogeneous disease† which shows in a person’s genes that a person may fall under the influence and become addicted to alcohol. The disease isShow MoreRelatedDrinking Problems With Alcohol Abuse1302 Words   |  6 PagesThere are two different kinds of drinking problems that people may struggle with at some point in their life. The first is alcoholism, which is the illness that alcoholics suffer from. An alcoholic is an individual who has a physical or mental desire to consume alcohol beyond his or her capacity to control it (O’Connor, 2011). As an alcoholic drinks more, his or her tolerance increases. This means he or she will need more alcohol in order to feel drunk. He or she may also experience a physical dependence;Read MoreAlcoholism: Disease or Choice?1778 Words   |  8 PagesAlcoholism: Disease or Choice? Danielle M Ellis WVNCC Abstract Webster’s New World Dictionary defines alcoholism as a chronic condition which is mainly characterized by excessive and compulsive consumption of and dependence on alcohol as well as nutritional and mental disorders. This definition depicts alcoholism as a disease that is beyond one’s control. It has however been argued in some circles that alcoholism is a choice and the idea of alcoholism as a disease is a myth. Since it is an individualRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Drug Addiction814 Words   |  4 Pagesseek and use drugs. There exists a number of special populations that are identified and may use drugs to cope certain stress factors in their life. Drug addicts may be dependent on their specific drug of choice due to many reasons. Some may be beyond their control. Other reasons may include personal and/or family issues. None the less, there are many contributing factors that may compel and individual to seek a healing process in drugs. Busch, Weiss Najavits (2005) state, â€Å" individuals thatRead MoreAlcoholism: Nature vs Nurture2114 Words   |  9 PagesAlcoholism: Nature Versus Nurture For years people have argued that alcoholism is a choice and not a learned or inherited disease. These people will normally agree that yes, children are in fact influenced by family, but purely of a social nature, and that this disease is actually caused by poor economic status, poor social upbringings, or merely by imitating the behaviors of those who raised them. However, research has proven that in a great deal of cases there is in fact enormous basis for alcoholismRead More Treatments Of Alcoholism Essay1826 Words   |  8 Pages Treatments of Alcoholism Alcoholism can destroy the life of an alcoholic and devastate the alcoholics family. But it also has overwhelming consequences for society. Consider these statistics from the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence: *In 1988, alcoholism and problems related to it nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;cost the United States an estimated $85.8 billion in mortality and reduced productivity; *Fetal alcohol syndrome, caused by a womans drinking during pregnancy, afflictsRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs On The Field Of Medicine2444 Words   |  10 Pagesfor their practical uses to treat and medicate many serious health problems. Unfortunately, as a result of side effects related to certain narcotics, there has been an increase in abuse of these narcotics by people of all backgrounds. Anyone can be addicted to drugs, however some people are genetically predisposed to being at high risk for abusing narcotics. This is also true for certain people and heart disease. Certain risk factors are built in to certain people’s DNA, which puts them at a higherRead MoreComparing Fyodor Dostoevsky s The Gambler And The Beautiful And Damned 3470 Words   |  14 PagesFyodor Dostoevsky’s The Gambler and F.Scott Fitzgerald’s The Beautiful and Damned are incomparable and unrelated in every way. However, when exploring in detail the character development in each novel, an alternate verdict can be presented that shows, beyond peradventure, that both novels share similarities. Granted, The Gambler is about a tutor working for a Russian family and his evolution into a pathological gambler, where as The Beautiful and Damned is concentrated on the relationship of a wealthyRead MoreDrug Abuse And Substance Abuse2073 Words   |  9 Pagesparents were happy being apart, and they did all they could to make my sister and I happy as well. When entering a rehab facility for my alcoholism I found that I was not alone, having come from a well-rounded household, having two parents that loved me very much, and having my needs met. So what went wrong? Often time’s people believe that a person who is addicted to drugs or alcohol must have had some trauma in their life, whether it be physical or mental trauma. That just was not the case for meRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay2127 Words   |  9 PagesThe public has been told how bad marijuana is f or the longest time without ever addressing the facts behind what it does to the human body. Which one is really safer though, marijuana or alcohol? Contrary to popular belief marijuana is safer and more beneficial than alcohol is, when examining the health effects on the brain and the body during consumption as well as long term. Meanwhile bars stay open till 2 am every night and no one questions that alcohol is very detrimental to a person’s healthRead MoreThe Necessity of Health Education Essay2268 Words   |  10 Pagescommon misconception about alcohol for children is that the legal, mental, and physical consequences of using alcohol â€Å"end† once a person becomes of the legal drinking age. The truth of the matter is that the dangers of alcohol consumption extend far beyond the age of twenty-one and into adulthood. Alcohol can have devastating effects for people of all ages. â€Å"Alcohol causes the most severe and widespread adverse health consequences of all drugs of abuse, affecting virtually every organ system. Fortunately

Bluest Eye Free Essays

A few decades ago, racial discrimination has been a great concern for many, as it existed in all aspects of the society. What we know of discrimination is that a certain race, color, or ethnicity views themselves superior to others, and the ones who often get discriminated often are the blacks, because of their history of slavery and abuse from the whites (Kuenz). This is the most common form of discrimination at that time. We will write a custom essay sample on Bluest Eye or any similar topic only for you Order Now What some wouldn’t know is that discrimination is not limited to one race discriminating another. The other form of discrimination is racial self-loathing, or hating one’s own race because he views it to be inferior, ugly, poor, and the like. In Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, racial self-loathing in the black community is exposed and attacked through the development of Pecola Breedlove’s character. This development was clearly shown through her desires and aspirations of becoming white – of achieving the bluest eye, in order to attract attention and live a happy life. The idea of racial self-loathing was exposed and attacked when eventually her desires and aspirations were destroyed, driving her to insanity. Pecola Breedlove is a picture of a dreamer who seeks a better life at the start of the novel. All throughout the story, it was shown that she desires a few things, hoping that it could change her and her surroundings. One of these desires is to learn how she would be able to make people love her. Being born black, and experiencing a short stay with the MacTeers who are whites, she was able to understand how different she was. Her stay in the white household was very important because she was able to develop hatred for her race. She wanted attention, just like the attention being given to the white kids in the household. Pecola views that it was the overall features that would attract the attention of other people. She hated the color of her skin and her eyes. She thought that if her skin was white and her eyes were blue, more people would be able to notice her and love her (Wills). It was narrated in the story that â€Å"It had occurred to Pecola some time ago that if her eyes, those eyes that held the pictures, and knew the sights—if those eyes of hers were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different† (Morrison). At this point of the story, we now see the intensity of her desire to shed her physical features as a black girl. We may judge that her desires were only skin deep, and that it was only her childish jealousy speaking. But still, she would grow up with this mentality, and one proof of this was her mother. It can be seen that this racial self-loathing can transcend age, and it doesn’t get any simpler, in fact, it gets worse. Pecola’s mother also hated her color and features, and the indirect effect of this is her fights and arguments with her husband. It was the fights between her parents that insinuated Pecola’s desire to disappear. She often witnesses her mother and father beating up each other. She feels that it was again caused by their color, intensifying her desire to be different. She taught that if she was white or at least she has the bluest eyes, her parents would be happy and love each other. Her brother wouldn’t run away, and everything would turn out well. Somehow, she uses her racial self loathing as a means to an end. She thinks that the problem is rooted on color, and it would be resolved by color. Looking closely at Pecola’s understanding of her situation, we may say that she uses her desire for the bluest eyes as an escape. She wanted a new, different life, one rooted on love, care, and attention. She sees no difference between her and the white children except well, they’re white. It was pointed out by Claudia when she said â€Å"Nobody paid us any attention, so we paid very good attention to ourselves† (Morrison). If that is so, then the only thing that she wanted to change was her appearance, and she thinks that this would be the solution to all of her problems. At the end of the story, Pecola was driven into madness because her desires were never fulfilled. Instead, the entire world seemed to turn against her. She was sexually violated by her father two times. Her mother didn’t believe her, and even beat her up. She bore the fruit of the abuse, but it was lost in a miscarriage. Looking at the start of the story, we see a big change in Pecola. The hopeful child from the start was almost destroyed by violence in the end. This development in her character was the author’s take on the existing idea of racial self loathing at that time. For Toni Morrison, Pecola embodied every black person who hated their color. Toni Morrison’s take on racial self loathing is evident in the character of Pecola. Desiring for a better life by hating yourself would bring you more harm than good. Well, in the case of Pecola, it seemed that it was brought upon her by her society. In her eyes, she sees people ignoring her, making fun of her, and even hating her because of her color. But then again, Pecola’s eyesight is clouded by her desire to be different, to be white, and to have the bluest eyes. Instead of being true to herself, she wanted to change everything. For her, it was a means to an end, the only way for her to accept by the people around her. For the author Toni Morrison, it was not. Hating one’s race and color wouldn’t change anything, instead, it would just attract more hatred, more cruelty, and more violence. Pecola shouldn’t have lost sight of the people around her. Not everyone overlooked and hated her. The MacTeer household, especially the children, loved her despite her color. This is one way for the author to say that color is not everything, and it shouldn’t be the reason for people like Pecola to hate. Works Cited: Kuenz, Jane. â€Å"The Bluest Eye: Notes on History, Community, and Black Female Subjectivity † African American Review Vol. 27. No. 3 (1993). Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. , 1993. Wills, Joy. â€Å"Genealogy of Rejection in Morrison’s the Bluest Eye†. 1999. March 23 2009. http://www. luminarium. org/contemporary/tonimorrison/wills. htm. How to cite Bluest Eye, Papers

TVs Affects On Children Essay Example For Students

TVs Affects On Children Essay OutlineThesis Statement: Television plays a major role in the lives of Americans, but affects children the most. IntroductionI. Violence A. MurderB. SexC. VulgarityD. SuisideII. Viewed byA. ChildrenB. TeensIII. Used as babysitterA. HoursB. ReasonConclusionTodays society is heavily influenced by television. The violence disrupts a childs learning process and can alter the moral beliefs that an older person has. Children view more violence on Saturday mornings than any other time. The cartoons aimed at little children influence youngsters to mimic violent acts because their parents do not fully explain the effects of the stunts. It is pathetic that in such a technology based society, such a simple thing as television can have a negative effect on people. Before Television, Americans followed simple laws, believed heavily in God, were honest, and never locked their doors because they felt safe and were happy to help someone in need. TV gradually turned us into the society we have today. We break laws as if there are no consequences, many people dont believe in God, or even attend a religious service. We lock our houses, cars, and anything worth money, because we are scared of theft. We leave people in trouble to fend for themselves, we do not have the common courtesy to help anyone. (Wheeler 84) Liquor, drugs, sex, and suicide prematurely dazzle millions of people as they see it on TV. (Wheeler 23)Violence has been entering Prime Time TV. John Grishams The Client as shown on CBS shows two corpses and two murders in on the first 15 minutes. (Silver 2) This goes to show that the average American child will have watched 8000 depictions of murder by the time they finish 6th grade. (Abelard 1) Abelard goes on to say, If you think wall to w all violence on TV has no effect, then why would manufacturers purchase 30 second blocks to advertise their products? (2) Mark Silver says Raunchy family fare is nothing new.(2) He also reports that sex is gingerly mentioned in the media. There is soap-opera sex, talk-show sex subjects, and many more sex crimes on the news. Children ages 10 to 16 were polled and say that the television is the true sex educator in our day. As many as six out of ten agree that sex on television urges peers their age to have sex at a younger age. (2)Vulgarity also rules prime time. Many shows depict sexual situations and innuendoes throughout the whole show. Sexually frank programs such as Beverly Hills 90210, Roseanne and Ellen are targeted to adults, but are viewed by children. A Solution to this problem would be to shift their plots to being more realistic, and have morals, instead of the vulgar language heard. (Silver 1) TV shows create serious problems but seem to resolve them in a half an hour ti me. It is impossible to do this in real life, but most children can not seem to grasp this concept. TV leads children to want quick solutions to tolerate frustration. Many turn to suicide, thinking that it is the quick solution for them. (Wheeler 34)Before the 1950s, parents monitored what their childs surrounding was. After TV was introduced, it unlocked a door to an alien that dominated every home. The problem was that the parents did not remain in control. If they did a normal childhood could have taken place. (Wheeler21) Today, 99% of homes have a TV. More families own a TV than a phone. (Facts about Media Violence 1)Due to violence on television, children become less sensitive to that pain and suffering of others or to become more aggressive to others. It also makes children more fearful to the world around them. (Abelard 1) Viewing habits of children observed for many decades deduced that violence on TV is associated with aggressive behavior, more than poverty, race, or parent al behavior. It also reported that a TV show contains about 20 acts of violence an hour. .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf , .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf .postImageUrl , .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf , .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf:hover , .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf:visited , .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf:active { border:0!important; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf:active , .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u60a437759cef077b65a6fbf27bf770cf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: cooking EssayAbelard says that children ages 6 to 8 are in critical years, where they learn social behavior that will stay with them forever. (2) A follow up study of aggressive 8 year olds proved that these children grew up to be ever more aggressive 19 and 30 year olds. They had greater troubles in domestic abuse, and traffic tickets. (Abelard 3)Violent commercials that advertise action figures or video games are targeted at young boys. (Swenson 3) In the point and shoot video games, also targeted at children, young boys get the same training as police officers and army recruiters. They are taught to laugh and cheer in response to violence and are also taught that killin g is the right thing to do. (Media Watch Online 1)It is a different story for teens. They do poorly in standardized tests. Because of their time consuming TV habits they find it hard to make comparisons, reach conclusions, for judgements or createnew ideas. When bored, teens tend to turn to hard drugs to take away boredom, because they viewed it on TV. Drugs offer a quick fix, which is what they saw other fictional characters on TV do. (Wheeler 33)Good news in the fight to cut down TV watching time, college freshmen on average drop their TV watching time a week from 30 hours to around 20. But because of this their hours of listening to radios, CDs, and MTV increased.(Wheeler 34) This isnt as good as a thing as researchers wanted though because music is full of dangerous and violent messages.(Wheeler 35) Wheeler finishes by saying that, music tends to negatively reinforce the principles that we were taught to live by.(34)There are many reasons that children get so many hours of viewi ng. Working parents send children to a babysitter, who instead of wanting to watch the kid places him in front of a TV. Childcare centers are to often under staffed and preschoolers there are set in front of the TV till their parents return to pick them up. (Wheeler 22) All to often the TV or VCR represents an easy way to sidetrack an unwelcome responsibility.(Wheeler 23) Parents also lack in their observation skills. They do not set limits on the time their children watch TV. (Children and TV Violence 1) Would you leave out graphic pictures on your tables so that your toddler can look over the pages? Then why wouldnt you monitor the things they watch on TV? (Wheeler 23)The violence, sexual content, and vulgarity that they see and hear on TV affect many people. We may not realize it until our two year old shouts out vulgarity and phrases that he heard on the Monday Night wrestling that his father or older brother watches, but the threat is always there. No other thing in history has had such a great influence on children, teens and adults. The generation now, compared to the one 50 years ago, has changed just from the technology presented to us. It is hard to imagine what the future will hold with such technological advances on equal to that of the TV. Abelard. Children and Television Violence. 23 Oct 2000 http://www.abelard.org/tv/tv.htm Children and TV Violence. 23 Oct 2000 http://www.parenthoodweb.com/articles/phw247.htmFacts about Media Violence and Effects on the American Family. 18 Oct 2000 http://www.babybag.com/Articles.amaviol.htmlMedia Watch Online- Killer Entertainment. 18 Oct 2000 http://www.mediawatch.com/dukenuken.html Silver, Marc. Sex and Violence on TV. 22 Oct 2000 http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/sexviol.htmSwenson, Gena. Violence on television: A class project surprised sociology student. 18 Oct 2000 http:// www.cyfc.umn.edu/ Media/tvviol.htmlWheeler, Joe L. Remote Controlled. Hagerstown: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1993. Winn, Marie. The Plug-In Drug. New York: Viking Penguin Inc, 1985.